Colorectal cancer screening is a powerful tool for preventing colorectal cancer and detecting cancer early and increasing the chances of successful treatment. Colorectal cancer often begins as small, noncancerous polyps in the colon or rectum, which can eventually turn cancerous.
By identifying and removing these polyps, screening can prevent the disease from progressing. Below, we take a look at the different screening options and guidelines, and how screening impacts your health and can empower you to enjoy a high quality of life.
What Are the Screening Options for Colorectal Cancer?
Depending on your preference and what your doctor recommends, there are several reliable screening methods for colorectal cancer, each with unique benefits:
Colonoscopy
Colonoscopy is a comprehensive screening method that allows doctors to examine the entire colon and rectum for polyps or abnormal tissue. During the procedure, the doctor can remove polyps, making colonoscopy allowing for both a diagnosis and treatment of polyps, thereby preventing cancer. The frequency of this test is based upon results and other factors including family history..
Stool-Based Tests
These tests analyze stool samples to detect signs of cancer or polyps. The Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) and the Guaiac-Based Fecal Occult Blood Test (gFOBT) are common options and are typically performed annually. The FIT test detects hidden blood in the stool, while gFOBT identifies blood using a chemical reaction. Another option, the stool DNA test (like Cologuard), combines DNA markers and blood tests to detect cancerous cells and is typically done every 3 years. An abnormal test will require a colonoscopy for further evaluation.
CT Colonography (Virtual Colonoscopy)
This non-invasive imaging technique uses CT scans to visualize the colon and rectum. While it’s less invasive than a traditional colonoscopy, any abnormalities found during a CT colonography require follow-up with a standard colonoscopy. This screening type is recommended every 5 years.
The Benefits of Colorectal Cancer Screening
Screening saves lives by detecting colorectal cancer early when it’s more treatable. It can also help prevent cancer by identifying and removing precancerous polyps.
Regular screening significantly reduces the risk of colorectal cancer and has been shown to improve long-term survival rates.
Guidelines: When to Start and How Often
For most people, it’s recommended to start colorectal cancer screening at age 45, according to guidelines from the American Cancer Society. However, those with a family history or other personal risk factors (like inflammatory bowel disease, personal history of other cancers, or genetic syndromes) may need to begin earlier and screen more frequently. Here’s a basic breakdown:
- Average risk: Begin at 45 and continue until age 75, with intervals depending on the chosen test (e.g., every 10 years for colonoscopy).
- Increased risk: Those with family history or risk factors may start as early as age 40 and screen every 5 years or more frequently as recommended.
Preventive Measures for Colorectal Cancer
Aside from screening, lifestyle changes can lower the risk of colorectal cancer. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and fiber, combined with regular physical activity, can support colon health.
Avoiding smoking, processed foods, limiting alcohol intake and red meat, and maintaining a healthy weight are also protective factors.
The Importance of Early Detection
Early detection is crucial in colorectal cancer treatment. When found early, colorectal cancer is highly treatable, with survival rates significantly higher than for cases diagnosed at advanced stages.
Understanding Test Results
Understanding test results is essential in deciding the next steps. Positive results from any non-invasive examination requires follow-up with a colonoscopy to confirm or rule out cancer or precancerous polyps.
Negative results indicate no signs of cancer or polyps, but regular screening should continue as recommended.
Impact of Screening on Health Outcomes
Regular screening has been proven to lower colorectal cancer mortality. With early intervention, screening can improve health outcomes by catching cancer early and even preventing its development.
According to the American Cancer Society, when colorectal cancer is found at an early stage before spreading, the 5-year relative survival rate is around 90%.
Addressing Common Concerns and Myths
Some people worry about the discomfort or preparation involved in colonoscopies. However, the procedure is typically painless, and preparation methods have improved significantly in recent years.
Myths about screening being unnecessary without symptoms are also common. In reality, colorectal cancer often progresses silently, making screening essential even in the absence of symptoms. Only around 4 in 10 colorectal cancers are found in the early stage before spreading, which means screening without symptoms is critical.
Colorectal Cancer Screening in Fayetteville, GA
Colorectal cancer screening is a life-saving preventive measure, offering several reliable test options to suit different needs and preferences. Early detection through regular screening can make a substantial difference in treatment outcomes and survival.
Schedule a Colorectal Cancer Screening Appointment in Fayetteville, GA
If you’re due for a screening or have questions about the process, call colorectal surgeon Dr. Erin King-Mullins at (770) 325-2275 to discuss your options. Regular screenings could help save your life, and they’ll definitely encourage peace of mind.
Sources:
https://www.cdc.gov/colorectal-cancer/screening/index.html
https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/doctor-visits/screening-tests/get-screened-colorectal-cancer