Anal cancer is a relatively rare type of cancer that forms in the anal canal. Diagnosis is usually made with a biopsy. Most cases do not require surgery, but treatment is available. Let’s look at what you need to know about anal cancer.
The Causes And Risk Factors Of Anal Cancer
Anal cancer is caused by the HPV virus, a sexually transmitted infection known as human papillomavirus.
In addition to the HPV virus other risk factors include the following:
- Having multiple sexual partners over your lifetime
- Having had receptive anal sexual intercourse
- Having a history of cancer like cervical, vaginal, or vulvar cancer
- Smoking
- Taking immunosuppressive drugs for conditions like an organ transplant, chemotherapy, steroids etc
- Having a compromised immune system like persons living with HIV
The only ways to reduce your risk of developing anal cancer is to practice safe sex, and get vaccinated for the HPV virus. The injections are normally given to young people but are recommended up to the age of 45 for both men and women. You should still get the vaccine even if you have had HPV before because there are many different strains of the virus, and repeat infections are common. Stopping smoking is another way to reduce your risk.
Symptoms And Diagnosis Of Anal Cancer
Sometimes anal cancer has no symptoms at all. It’s possible you can have changes in your stool, itching, and a lump or pain at the anus. Your physician may start with a rectal exam.
If there is continued suspicion you may have anal cancer, a number of tests will be performed. This can include an Anoscopy, where a small hollow tube is inserted into the anus. A light on the end will look for tissue to be sent to a lab. You are awake during this test, but feel minimal pain.
An HRA (High Resolution Anoscopy) is a test where an anoscopy attached to a high definition camera is utilized along with special stains to identify and biopsy abnormal areas.
A PET scan shows signs of “hot spots’ indicating cancer elsewhere in the body.
Other tests to determine anal cancer include ultrasound, CAT scan, MRI, and a chest X-ray may be done to be sure cancer has not metastasized to the lungs.
Possible Treatments For Anal Cancer
Once the cancer is found and staged, you will be advised of your treatment options. The main goal is to save your anal sphincter muscles so you will be able to control your bowels and stool.
While the standard treatment regimen includes a combination of chemotherapy and radiation, overall treatment depends on the location, stage, and type of tumor.
Surgery is often reserved for unique clinical situations
Schedule an Anal Cancer Screening Consultation in Fayetteville, GA
Contact Colorectal Wellness Center with additional questions if you or someone you know has been diagnosed with anal cancer. Call (770) 325-2275 to schedule an appointment at our colorectal clinic in Fayetteville, GA today.